Urology Research

The Roles of E2F5 in Tumor Cell Cycle: The Gatekeeper or Destroyer?

Tue, 21 Oct 2025 13:19:56 +0800

E2F5 is a member of E2F transcription factor superfamily, controlling many molecular activities, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, DNA repair and cell death. Therefore, it is closely related to the occurrence, development and prognosis of a variety of cancers. In recent years, with the rapid development of bioinformatics, genomics and epigenetics, this study has further elucidated of E2F5 in the tumor cell cycle. Based on the latest research reports, this study reviewed the structural composition, dynamic activity regulation of E2F5, and how its transcription program driven by carcinogenic activity changed the progress of various tumor cell cycles, especially how it converted from a “gatekeeper” to a “destroyer”, thus affecting abnormal biological behaviors of tumor cells. Our aim is to provide a new direction for the development of E2F5 targeted therapy strategies and drug resistance in the future.

Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveals Potential Causal Effects between Immune Cells and Prostate Cancer Risk

Bin Hu, Haiqin Luo, Zhangcheng Liu — Tue, 21 Oct 2025 13:39:41 +0800

Background: Previous studies indicated that immune cells and Metabolites might play an important role in the occurrence and development of Prostate Cancer (PCa). Our study aimed to illustrate the causal effects between immune cells and metabolites and PCa risk, and the mediating role of metabolites between immune cells and PCa. Methods: This study utilized immune cells as Exposures, metabolites as Mediators, and PCa as Outcomes. Initially, immune cell and metabolite data were processed. Subsequently, a four-stage approach involved six Mendelian randomization analyses: Stage one focused on batch immune cell to PCa MR (MR 1); Stage two involved immune cell to PCa Reverse MR (MR 2); Stage three performed batch metabolite to PCa MR (MR 3); Stage four included three MR analyses: prostate carcinogenesis related immune cells to PCa-related metabolites MR yielding beta 1 (MR 4), PCa-related metabolites to PCa MR yielding beta 2 (MR 5), and prostate carcinogenesis related immune cells to PCa MR yielding beta All (MR 6). Finally, mediation and direct effects were computed. Results: Our research identified twenty-five immune cells and nine metabolites associated with the incidence of PCa. Among the most intriguing associations, genetically predicted “CD25 on IgD⁺ CD38^– Unswitched Memory (unsw mem) cells” are linked to an increased risk of PCa, Notably, 14.6% (1.68%, 27.5%) of this risk is mediated through the metabolite “3-hydroxypyridine sulfate levels” with a mediated effect of 0.00235 (0.00027, 0.00442) and a p-value of 0.026751157. This indicates that an increase in “CD25 on IgD⁺ CD38^– unsw mem cells” can promote the development of PCa by reducing the levels of “3-hydroxypyridine sulfate”. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate mediates the association between CD25 on IgD⁺ CD38^– unsw mem and increased PCa risk. This study unexpectedly found that elevated 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate levels may explain how coffee consumption could protect against PCa.

The Effect of Body Temperature Flush Solution on Patients Undergoing Holmium Laser Lithotripsy via Ureteroscopy

Ming Xiong — Tue, 21 Oct 2025 13:50:31 +0800

Objective: To investigate the effect of isothermal flushing solution on the body temperature of patients undergoing holmium laser lithotripsy under ureteroscopy. Method: Thirty patients who underwent ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in our hospital from August 2024 to August 2025 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 15 patients in each group. Among them, the observation group patients received intraoperative infusion of isothermal flushing solution, while the control group patients received intraoperative infusion of flushing solution at room temperature. Compare and analyze the changes in vital signs before and after surgery, temperature levels at different time points during surgery, and incidence of adverse reactions during the perioperative period between two groups of patients. Result: The postoperative central body temperature, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (p < 0.05); The body temperature of observation groups T1, T2, and T3 was better than that of the control group; The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of isothermal flushing solution in ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy can improve the safety of the surgery, maintain the patient’s body temperature during the operation, effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions, and promote patient recovery.

Efficacy and Safety of Firsekibart in Gout Patients with Different Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rates

Yu Xue, Yi Li, Yuling Lian, Fei Gu, Chunxia Chen, Qian Xu — Thu, 23 Oct 2025 14:58:57 +0800

To compare the efficacy and safety of Firsekibart versus compound betamethasone in gout patients with different estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels. Methods: Patients were randomized, double blinded and separated into two equal groups to receive a single dose of Firsekibart (200 mg) or compound betamethasone (7 mg). Patients were divided into three subgroups according to baseline eGFR: ≥ 90, 60–89, and 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m² to evaluate 72-hour pain relief, 12/24-week recurrence rate, renal function changes, and safety events. Results: Of 311 patients in full analysis set (FAS), 113 (36.3%) had baseline eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m², and 42 (13.5%) had baseline eGFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m². Similar reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at 72-hour was observed in each eGFR subgroup between Firsekibart and compound betamethasone group (p > 0.05). Compared with compound betamethasone, Firsekibart reduced the risk of recurrence at 12/24 weeks in patients with different eGFR subgroups (all p < 0.0001). In safety evaluation, no obvious changes of creatinine and eGFR were observed in each subgroup during 24-week follow up. Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) incidence was comparable in each eGFR subgroup analysis. In total, 1 (0.6%) patient experienced emergent serious adverse events (TESAE) and 0 treatment-related adverse events (TRSAE) was reported in the Firsekibart group compared to 6 (3.8%) and 3 (1.9%) in the compound betamethasone group, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, Firsekibart demonstrated non-inferior short-term pain relief while offering better prevention of new flares, with a lower incidence of serious adverse events compared to compound betamethasone, and results were consistent across eGFR subgroups. Both Firsekibart and compound betamethasone showed little effect on renal function.