Objective: To analyze the diagnostic effect of serum tumor marker detection for benign and malignant pelvic tumors. Methods: A total of 90 subjects, including healthy individuals and patients with benign and malignant pelvic tumors, were selected for research from April 2021 to July 2022. Two milliliters of venous blood were drawn on an empty stomach in the early morning. The serum was separated and processed within 2 hours, and then microparticle chemiluminescence was used to detect various serum tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA- 125), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Results: Through testing of the observation and control groups, it was found that patients with pelvic tumors had significantly higher CA-125 and CA19-9 (P < 0.05). Additionally, CA-125 and CA19-9 in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than those in benign patients (P < 0.05). The correlation between CEA and AFP and pelvic tumor is low, while CA-125 and CA19-93 are positively correlated with the severity of the disease. Conclusion: Multiple serum tumor marker detection demonstrated a higher value for diagnosing benign and malignant pelvic tumors and can improve the sensitivity and specificity of single marker detection. Analysis of CA-125 and CA19-9 levels accurately distinguishes between benign and malignant pelvic tumors, as well as provides data support for clinical treatment.