Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of high-risk HPV typing as a primary screening method for cervical cancer. Methods: From July 2023 to June 2024, 871 women, aged 23 to 77 years old, with an average age of (42.5 ± 3.45) years old, were selected for initial screening of cervical cancer in the health examination center and gynecological clinic of the hospital. All patients underwent HPV-DNA typing and cervical fluid-based thin-layer cytology (TCT). Colposcopic cervical biopsy was performed in women with high-risk HPV single or multiple infection or with TCT ≥ ASC-US. The diagnostic efficacy of HPV-DNA typing, TCT and HPV + TCT combined detection was calculated using the pathological results of biopsy as the gold standard. Results: Compared with TCT alone, HPV-DNA typing was significantly more sensitive in the diagnosis of cervical lesions (P < 0.05), and the rate of missed diagnosis was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). At the same time, the efficacy of the HPV-DNA typing test is similar to that of HPV + TCT combined screening. In terms of misdiagnosis rate and specificity, there was no statistical difference among the three screening strategies (P > 0.05). Conclusion: HPV-DNA typing alone has the same effect as TCT + HPV combined screening for cervical cancer.