Research on the Role and Mechanism of Vitamins A and D in Pregnant Patients with Hypothyroidism

© 2026 by the Authors. Licensee Whioce Publishing, Singapore. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate the roles and mechanisms of vitamins A and D in pregnant women with hypothyroidism. Methods: The study sample was collected from January 2024 to December 2025, consisting of 100 pregnant women with hypothyroidism, designated as the hypothyroidism group. Normal pregnant women undergoing prenatal check-ups at our hospital during the same period were selected as the normal group. Serum levels of vitamins A and D were measured in both groups, along with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels. Comparative analysis of relevant indicators between the two groups was conducted, and the correlations between vitamin A and D levels and thyroid function indicators were explored. Results: Compared with the normal group, the hypothyroidism group exhibited significantly lower serum levels of vitamins A and D, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The TSH level in the hypothyroidism group was significantly higher, while FT4 and FT3 levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that serum vitamin A and D levels were significantly negatively correlated with TSH levels and significantly positively correlated with FT4 and FT3 levels (P < 0.05). Questionnaire results indicated that the proportion of inadequate vitamin A and D intake and insufficient sunlight exposure was higher in the hypothyroidism group than in the normal group. Conclusion: Pregnant women with hypothyroidism have reduced levels of vitamins A and D, and their deficiency may contribute to the development of hypothyroidism by affecting thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion as well as immune regulatory mechanisms. Strengthening the assessment and intervention of vitamin A and D nutrition in pregnant women can help improve thyroid function status.

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