Objective: To study the application effect of an intelligent management system for residual analgesic pump fluid in the whole-process supervision of narcotic and psychotropic drugs. Methods: The period from October to December 2024, when routine management of controlled substances was implemented, is designated as the pre-implementation phase. The period from January to March 2025, when the intelligent management system for residual analgesic pump fluid was used for the full-process management of controlled substances, is designated as the post-implementation phase. Data related to residual analgesic pump fluid handling were collected from 500 cases in each of the two groups. The average error in residual fluid measurement, time spent on a single residual fluid handling, drug loss rate, and satisfaction rate of medical staff were compared. After implementation, the average error in residual liquid measurement decreased from (3.47 ± 0.25) ml to (0.58 ± 0.19) ml (P < 0.05); the time for a single residual liquid treatment decreased from (7.42 ± 0.33) min to (1.85 ± 0.12) min (P < 0.05); the drug loss rate decreased from 1.60% to 0.20 % (P < 0.05); and the satisfaction rate of medical staff increased from 81.82% to 96.36% (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The intelligent management system for residual analgesic pump fluid has shown significant effectiveness in the whole-process supervision of narcotic and psychotropic drugs, which helps to improve the accuracy, safety and efficiency of narcotic and psychotropic drug management.