Objective: To explore and analyze the clinical effectiveness of combined anterior and posterior cervical surgery for the treatment of cervical spinal stenosis with cervical injury. Methods: From March 2023 to June 2024, 40 patients who received treatment for cervical spinal stenosis with cervical injury in our hospital were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 20 patients in each group. The experimental group underwent combined anterior and posterior cervical surgery, while the control group underwent simple anterior cervical decompression surgery. The changes in clinical indicators and improvement in cervical function before and after surgery were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results: Following surgical treatment, the clinical indicators in the experimental group improved more significantly than those in the control group. Additionally, the postoperative cervical function improvement in the experimental group was superior to that in the control group. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with cervical spinal stenosis and cervical injury, the combined anterior and posterior cervical surgery approach can effectively improve cervical function, demonstrating significant therapeutic effects. This surgical method is worthy of clinical promotion.