Rural preschool education is the cornerstone of promoting educational equity and rural revitalization. In the current context of promoting the high-quality development of rural education, aesthetic education, as a core force for promoting the harmonious physical and mental development of young children, still faces practical difficulties in rural areas, such as a shortage of teachers and an uneven distribution of high-quality resources. The popularization of digital technology provides a new path to bridging the educational gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the laws of children’s physical and mental development, this study explores the feasibility of integrating the elemental concept of Orff music with digital aesthetic education. Combining an empirical investigation of several rural kindergartens in western regions, it analyzes the main problems faced by rural preschool aesthetic education in its digital transformation, such as low equipment utilization and content that does not align with rural life. On this basis, this paper proposes countermeasures such as building a localized digital aesthetic education resource database, conducting dual-track teacher training, designing interactive music classrooms, and establishing home-kindergarten cooperation mechanisms, with a view to providing useful references for improving the quality of rural preschool aesthetic education.