ARTICLE
26 May 2026

The Body and the Mind in Piano Teaching: Bodily Perception and Mental Representation through Embodied Metaphor

Huiying Hao1*
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1 Tianjin Conservatory of Music, Tianjin 300171, China
CEF 2026 , 4(5), 137–146; https://doi.org/10.26689/CEF.v4i5.15110
© 2026 by the Author. Licensee Whioce Publishing, Singapore. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Piano teaching has long relied on metaphorical language such as “like a feather settling gently” or “hang the weight of the arm on your fingertips” to guide students. Traditional views of piano pedagogy have treated such expressions as unverifiable impressionistic talk. This article draws on embodied cognition and conceptual metaphor theory to reconsider the cognitive work that such language does in piano teaching. It argues that embodied metaphor is not decorative rhetoric that could be dispensed with, but the intermediate link that ties the performer’s bodily sensations to mental representation. The discussion first reviews the embodied turn in cognition and the bodily roots of musical meaning, showing how the “musical motion” described by Johnson and Larson, and the “musical forces” that Larson proposes, including melodic gravity, magnetism and inertia, derive from the body’s experience of force and movement [1]. It then treats, in turn, the dimensions of bodily perception in piano teaching that center on touch, proprioception, weight and gesture, and the dimensions of mental representation that center on auditory imagery, motor imagery, motor anticipation and affective imagery. On this basis, it puts forward a “perception–metaphor–representation” coupling model, showing that embodied metaphor, through two-way translation, encodes inarticulate bodily experience as stable mental representation and projects that representation back onto bodily movement. The article offers an integrative theoretical framework for understanding the coupling of body and mind in piano teaching, and gives grounds for turning metaphor from a tacit habit of practice into a teaching tool that can be used deliberately.

Keywords
Embodied metaphor
Piano teaching
Bodily perception
Mental representation
Conceptual metaphor
Musical forces
References

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[2] Schippers H, 2006, ‘As if a Little Bird Is Sitting on Your Finger...’: Metaphor as a Key Instrument in Training Professional Musicians. International Journal of Music Education, 24(3): 209–217.

[3] Bremmer M, Nijs L, 2024, Embodiment in Music Education. Journal de recherche en éducation artistique, (2): 13–26.

[4] Godøy RI, Leman M, 2010, Musical Gestures: Sound, Movement, and Meaning. Routledge, London.

[5] Hatten RS, 2004, Interpreting Musical Gestures, Topics, and Tropes: Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert. Indiana University Press.

[6] Highben Z, Palmer C, 2004, Effects of Auditory and Motor Mental Practice in Memorized Piano Performance. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, (159): 58–65.

[7] Brown RM, Palmer C, 2013, Auditory and Motor Imagery Modulate Learning in Music Performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7: 320.

[8] Bernardi NF, De Buglio M, Trimarchi PD, et al., 2013, Mental Practice Promotes Motor Anticipation: Evidence from Skilled Music Performance. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7: 451.

[9] Woody RH, 2002, Emotion, Imagery and Metaphor in the Acquisition of Musical Performance Skill. Music Education Research, 4(2): 213–224.

[10] Laukka P, 2004, Instrumental Music Teachers’ Views on Expressivity: A Report from Music Conservatoires. Music Education Research, 6(1): 45–56.

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