Objective: To evaluate the teaching effectiveness and clinical application value of ultrasound‑guided nerve block technology in the standardized residency training of anesthesia residents. Methods: A total of 80 physicians from the Department of Anesthesiology of the hospital from January 2020 to December 2024 were randomly divided into a control group (40 cases, traditional blind nerve block teaching) and an observation group (40 cases, a trinity teaching system of model training, theoretical instruction, and real‑practice ultrasound‑guided nerve block), with an 18‑month training period for both groups, and the differences in operational skills, complication recognition accuracy, and clinical competence were compared between the two groups. Results: The scores of operational skills and clinical competence, as well as the accuracy of complication identification, were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05); the first‑attempt puncture success rate was 92.50% in the observation group, which was markedly higher than 67.50% in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ultrasound‑guided nerve block teaching system is effective in improving residents’ procedural precision and safety awareness, and thus warrants wider promotion in anesthesia residency training.