Curriculum ideology and politics is an important measure for colleges and universities in the new era to implement the fundamental task of establishing morality and cultivating people. As a basic major in the field of humanities and social sciences, the Chinese discipline plays an important role in implementing curriculum ideology and politics. However, the reality that the implementation ability of curriculum ideology and politics of college Chinese teachers varies, and the influencing factors are complex and diverse, has affected the effective implementation of curriculum ideology and politics. This study adopts a quantitative method to explore the factors influencing the implementation ability of curriculum ideology and politics of college Chinese teachers, providing a reference basis for improving their implementation ability. The research results show that the overall implementation ability of curriculum ideology and politics of college Chinese teachers is at a medium-upper level, among which the teaching design ability is relatively strong and the teaching evaluation ability is relatively weak; teachers’ personal factors (ideological and political awareness, ideological and political knowledge and ideological and political ability), school environmental factors (school attention degree, training mechanism and evaluation mechanism) and social environmental factors (social atmosphere and policy support) all have a significant positive impact on the implementation ability of curriculum ideology and politics.