In response to the problem of “emphasizing results over processes” and “emphasizing teachers over students” in the teaching quality monitoring of computer application majors in vocational colleges, this paper takes “student-centered” as the core concept, combines artificial intelligence technology to construct a “goal process evaluation improvement” closed-loop system, and innovates the “course course integration” skill connection mechanism. Empirical evidence shows that after the implementation of the system, the achievement rate of students’ core skills has increased by 8.3%–12.5%, and their learning satisfaction has increased by 13.6%–18.4%. The research provides a replicable educational reform path for monitoring the teaching quality of vocational engineering majors.