Prefabricated buildings, as typical representatives of green buildings, represent a fundamental transformation of traditional construction methods. Against the backdrop of the coordinated development of new-type building industrialization and intelligent construction, the transformation and upgrading of the civil engineering industry is continuously accelerating, with industry characteristics showing new features of industrialization, digitalization, and intelligence. Under the background of New Engineering Education, aligning with industry development trends, centering on student development, and guided by job requirements, this study leverages digital technology to promote the cultivation of prefabricated building talents and innovates the “Five-Step Progression” teaching model, covering the entire process of talent cultivation. It aims to cultivate students’ genuine knowledge, genuine ability, and genuine practice, preparing them to become skilled talents for the future construction industry.