The concept of “Great Ideological and Political Course” provides a fundamental follow-up for Lide Shuren in the new era. As a critical period of shaping values, the quality of ideological and political education in primary schools is related to the fundamental issue of “who to train, how to train people, and for whom.” This paper focuses on improving the effectiveness of ideological and political education in primary schools, and analyzes the core problems existing at present, such as deviation of teaching concept, single method path, structural shortcomings of teachers, and improper evaluation mechanism. Based on the innovative practice of many primary schools in China, this paper puts forward some strategies, such as constructing a spiral advanced curriculum system, exploring the teaching mode of situation-practice-technology integration, strengthening the professional development-oriented teacher construction, and deepening the cooperative education community between home, school, and community. The research emphasizes that the attraction and appeal of ideological and political education can be significantly enhanced through the immersion experience of red resources, deep interdisciplinary collaboration, and intelligent technology empowerment. The future development paths, such as new media literacy education, co-construction and sharing of urban and rural digital resources, long-term evaluation, and guarantee mechanism construction, are further discussed, which provides a theoretical reference and practical mirror for promoting the integration and high-quality development of ideological and political education in primary schools.