The Ministry of Education and seven other departments issued the Opinions on Accelerating and Expanding the Opening-Up of Education in the New Era in 2020, laying out new directives for China’s educational internationalization strategy. The policy reaffirmed the country’s commitment to cultivating talent for modernization through study abroad and other international cooperation channels. This paper mainly explores the construction of an evaluation index system for international exchange and cooperation in higher education institutions. Developing a scientific and effective evaluation index system requires not only clarity of goals and functions but also a logically coherent, rigorous, and practically viable framework, which is based on four fundamental principles, including the goal orientation principle, systematicity principle, operability principle, and the dynamic adjustment principle.