This study examines the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in Advanced Mathematics education to enhance student engagement and conceptual understanding. By integrating real-world problems and collaborative inquiry, the PBL model shifts the focus from passive learning to active knowledge construction. The research highlights the model’s effectiveness in fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and interdisciplinary connections. Findings suggest that PBL not only improves learning outcomes but also transforms students into proactive learners. The study proposes future directions, including the development of PBL case databases and blended learning approaches, to further optimize mathematics instruction.