The core competencies of the English subject represent the concentrated embodiment of its educational value. They encompass the correct values, essential character traits, and key abilities that students gradually develop and enhance through English curriculum learning to meet the demands of the information age, knowledge society, globalization, and their lifelong personal development. Comprising four key elements—linguistic competence, cultural awareness, thinking quality, and learning ability—the core competencies of the English subject represent an integrated set of skills that are mutually permeating, interacting, and developing harmoniously. They constitute the educational goal of cultivating students’ moral character through English education and serve as the evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of high school English education and students’ academic performance in English. This paper emphasizes the design of teaching objectives centered around the core competencies of the English subject and the enrichment of the teaching process. By placing students at the center, deeply integrating the concept of core competencies, and innovating teaching methods, the paper aims to achieve an organic combination of knowledge transmission and competency cultivation.