Objective: This study aims to carry out a visualization analysis of the research literature on Case-Based Learning (CBL) in the field of medical education in China, thereby providing a reference for medical educators and researchers. Methods: Literature related to CBL teaching methods was retrieved from databases such as CNKI and visualized using CiteSpace software. Results: CBL research in China demonstrates phased characteristics. The research hotspots encompass application, innovation in teaching models, and clinical practice. The research has evolved from the establishment of basic methods (2006–2012) to the evaluation of effects and the application of technology (2013–2018), and further to curriculum integration and professional development (2019–2024). Conclusion: CBL research has made progress; however, it still faces issues such as insufficient theoretical exploration. Future research should focus on strengthening theoretical construction, delving deeper into teaching principles, adopting rigorous research designs and multi-dimensional assessment methods, and exploring the integration of information technology to promote the extensive application and in-depth development of CBL teaching methods.