China’s cultural relic protection started in the 1950s, with established scientific principles including minimum intervention, reversibility, re-treatability, and recognizability. However, artistic protection still depends on restorers’ personal competence, leading to damage from poor restoration. Focusing on ancient Chinese painted sculptures, this paper proposes the artistic restoration principle “Observe Stylistic Vitality from Afar, Refine Filling in Detail” based on scientific rules, aiming to optimize preservation methodologies.