With the coordinated development of China’s scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the construction of new engineering disciplines has gradually become an important direction for the reform of higher engineering education in China. Its core goal is to cultivate more innovative and interdisciplinary talents who can adapt to the development needs of future industries. As a core basic course for all engineering majors, college physics undertakes the important task of imparting physical knowledge and connecting basic disciplines with engineering practice. In view of this, based on the core concept of new engineering talent cultivation, this paper systematically analyzes the epochal significance and existing problems of college physics teaching reform under the background of new engineering, and then puts forward practical reform strategies, so as to provide references for universities to promote the reform of college physics teaching.