In the era of accelerated development of new productive forces and continuous upgrading of industrial structure, industry-education integration has become a core path to promote higher education reform and address the disconnection between the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in universities and industrial demands. Based on the policy orientation and connotative significance of the times of industry-education integration, this paper systematically sorts out the theoretical basis and practical dilemmas of cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents in universities under the background of industry-education integration, explores the practical cultivation path of “school-enterprise collaboration, industry-education symbiosis, and the unity of knowledge and action”, verifies the effectiveness of the practice through specific cases, and puts forward targeted optimization strategies. The purpose is to provide practical references for universities to improve the quality of cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents, align with industrial development needs, serve the national innovation-driven development strategy, and promote the in-depth integration of industry and education and the coordinated development of innovative and entrepreneurial talent cultivation.