Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major burden on global health, posing multifaceted challenges to health systems worldwide. These challenges encompass difficulties in patients’ self-management and insufficient medical resources in prevention and treatment. Digital health intervention, which leverages digital technology to deliver personalized medical services, has emerged as a promising solution to improve the efficiency of chronic disease management. However, its effectiveness is significantly influenced by the level of digital health literacy. This mini review synthesizes the current situation of the lack of digital health literacy among patients with chronic diseases, identifying the main factors leading to the deficiency, and proposes effective strategies to address it. Furthermore, by integrating the current landscape with future technological and healthcare trends, this review projects the potential trajectory of digital health literacy in chronic disease management, that is, short-term technology adaptation, medium-term equitable coverage, and long-term educational integration. With the collaborative promotion and joint efforts of all parties, the application of emerging scientific and technological advances will make chronic disease management more efficient. In conclusion, enhancing digital health literacy is the key path to achieving efficient management of chronic diseases and health equity.