Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer and DNA Methylation Mechanisms

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent and deadliest malignant tumors worldwide. Its development is a complex, multifactorial, and multi-stage process, influenced by both genetic factors and environmental factors such as lifestyle, diet, and epigenetic modifications. This article reviews the epidemiological status of colorectal cancer, the relationship between lifestyle factors (including sedentary lifestyle and smoking), dietary habits, and disease risk, and explores the role of DNA methylation in tumor susceptibility and its interaction with environmental factors, aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and early intervention of colorectal cancer.

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