Based on the background of China’s deep aging society, this paper discusses how the elderly can achieve a high quality of life through scientific and reasonable life orientation and systematic planning, and constructs an analytical framework of elderly life orientation from five dimensions: residential environment, health management, spiritual needs, capital assets, and service selection. By analyzing the status quo of the aged society, the aging standard, and the structural dilemma of the one-child family, this paper points out that the aged should realize the transformation from passive old-age care to active planning through the health management path of “cognition-mastery-application.” This study provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for the elderly to construct a systematic, hierarchical, and personalized future life framework, and helps to promote the realization of the goal of “a sense of security, happiness, and worthiness for the elderly.”