Objective: To observe the rehabilitation effect of cardiothoracic surgery patients after the implementation of comprehensive nursing intervention. Methods: Eighty patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery in a hospital from April 2023 to March 2024 were selected and divided into the control group (n=40) and the observation group (n=40) according to the method of randomized numerical table, with the control group adopting conventional nursing interventions and the observation group implementing comprehensive nursing interventions. Comparison of respiratory function, complication rate, and quality of life (QOL) score indexes in the two groups. Results: Comparing the respiratory function of the two groups, the ratio of the 1st second exertion respiratory volume to the exertion lung capacity of the patients in the observation group (0.57 ± 0.01)%,     Exertion respiratory volume at 1st second (1.45 ± 0.04)L,         (2.54 ± 0.31)L, and partial pressure of oxygen (94.03 ± 5.17)mmHg were higher than those of the control group (0.41 ± 0.02)%, (90.12 ± 5.28)L, (2.29 ± 0.28)L, and (94.03 ± 5.17)mmHg, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide of the observation group patients (36.55 ± 3.15)mmHg was lower than that of the control group (41.47 ± 3.23) mmHg. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); 1 case of lower limb deep vein thrombosis occurred in the observation group,           lung infection in the observation group, with a total incidence rate of 5.00%, and 1 case of incision infection in the control group. In the control group, there were 2 cases of postoperative bleeding, 3 cases of cardiac arrhythmia, 3 cases of lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and 1 case of pulmonary infection, with a total incidence rate of 22.50%, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the scores of social function, physical function, emotional function, physical function, mental health, general health, vitality, and physical pain in each dimension of the patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of comprehensive nursing interventions for cardiothoracic surgery patients can effectively improve patients’ pulmonary function indexes, reduce the risk of related complications, and improve patients’ quality of life, which is worth promoting.