Objective: To explore the key role of fever clinics in the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections. Methods: To summarize the implementation of the infectious disease reporting process, standardized operating procedures, infection monitoring system, disinfection and isolation measures, and medical waste management system in a general hospital in Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, since the establishment of the fever outpatient clinic. Through retrospective analysis, the study compared the changes in the incidence of hospital infections, patient satisfaction, and healthcare personnel satisfaction before and after the establishment of the fever clinic and explored the important role of the fever clinic in improving the hospital infection prevention and control capacity and service quality. Results: Since the establishment of the fever clinic, the incidence of hospital infections has significantly decreased to 8.0%, patient satisfaction has increased to 96.0%, and healthcare personnel satisfaction has increased to 92.3%, compared with 36.0%, 72.0%, and 69.2% before the establishment of the fever clinic, and all the indexes in 2023 were significantly better than those in 2006, and the statistical analysis showed that this improvement was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: By assigning professional infection control nurses to be responsible for the care of central venous catheters in ICUs, the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients can be significantly reduced. This measure is essential to ensure the smooth progress of the treatment process and improve the prognostic status of patients.