Objective: To explore the impact of transitional care on self-care ability and health behaviors of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A total of 156 COPD patients were collected and divided into a novel group and a traditional group, with 78 patients in each group. The novel group received transitional care, while the traditional group received routine care. The observed indicators included lung function parameters, dyspnea severity, self-care ability, and health behaviors. Results: After intervention, the FEV1 of the novel group increased from 1.25 ± 0.32 L to 1.68 ± 0.35 L, and the FVC increased from 2.56 ± 0.45 L to 2.98 ± 0.48 L. The mMRC grade improved significantly. The self-care ability score increased from 55.23 ± 6.35 to 82.45 ± 7.21, and the health behavior score increased from 52.18 ± 5.82 to 78.63 ± 6.95. The readmission rate was 12.82% in the novel group and 28.21% in the traditional group. There were statistically significant differences between the groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: Transitional care significantly improves self-care ability and health behaviors of COPD patients, reduces readmission rates, and has important clinical significance. It is worthy of promotion.