Objective: To construct a scientific and effective hierarchical training model for nurses and systematically evaluate its implementation effect, so as to improve nurses’ professional competence, job satisfaction, and quality of nursing services. Methods: Through literature analysis, Delphi expert consultation, and current situation investigation, a training system targeting nurses at different levels was designed. A quasi-experimental study was conducted, selecting nurses from a Grade A tertiary hospital as research objects, divided into an experimental group (implementing hierarchical training) and a control group (receiving conventional training), with a training cycle of 6 months. Data were collected through multiple dimensions, including questionnaires, theoretical assessments, skill operation evaluations, and nursing quality assessments, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: After the implementation of hierarchical training, the total score of core competencies and scores in all dimensions (such as clinical nursing, professional development, and leadership) of nurses in the experimental group were significantly improved (P<0.05); all indicators of job satisfaction were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01); nursing quality scores and patient satisfaction were also significantly improved (P<0.05). The improvement effect of hierarchical training varied among nurses at different levels. Conclusion: The hierarchical training model for nurses can improve the professional literacy and professional identity of nurses at all levels, optimize the quality of nursing services, and is a feasible and effective nursing human resource training strategy. It is recommended to further combine nurses’ career development paths to build a long-term and systematic hierarchical training system.