Objective: To develop a risk warning factor assessment scale for malnutrition in patients during the recovery phase of stroke, providing a basis for evaluating malnutrition risk in this population. Methods: Literature review and group discussions were initially used to screen potential risk factors for malnutrition in stroke recovery patients. The modified Delphi method was then employed to finalize the risk factor assessment scale. From 1st April 2022 to 1st June 2022, two rounds of expert consultations were conducted via WeChat, face-to-face interviews, and email. Data from the experts’ ratings and modification suggestions for each item were recorded using Excel 2013, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 to determine the final risk warning factor assessment scale. Results: Two rounds of expert consultations were completed, with response rates (active coefficients) of 96% and 100%, respectively. The judgment basis (Ca) for the two rounds was 0.926 and 0.933, familiarity (Cs) scores were 0.800 and 0.808, and authority coefficients (Cr) were 0.863 and 0.871. The Kendall’s W values for importance in the two rounds were 0.192 and 0.154 (both P < 0.001), while the Kendall’s W values for correlation were 0.071 and 0.061 (both P < 0.05), indicating consistency in the experts’ evaluations of the indicators. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.875 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.977, demonstrating good content validity of the assessment scale. The final risk factor assessment scale consisted of 38 items across three dimensions. Conclusion: The developed malnutrition risk assessment scale for stroke recovery patients exhibits good scientific rigor and practicality, providing a reference for identifying malnutrition risks in this population.