With the continuous growth of China’s national economy, the diverse travel demands of people have led to greater pressure and challenges on roads. Asphalt mixture, as the main material for road construction, has received increasing attention in terms of aging detection. Aging tests on asphalt mixtures ensure that their performance is not affected after long-term use and that they do not negatively affect road safety. This paper first presents an overview of asphalt mixtures and asphalt mixture aging, and then conducts an in-depth study of asphalt mixture aging detection from multiple perspectives. This study aims to provide a valuable reference for future research.