Wooden buildings play a very important role in China’s construction and landscape architecture industry. In order to explore the weathering characteristics of the surface layer of landscape wooden buildings, the main causes of weathering were analyzed on the basis of summarizing the common types of weathering characterization. The results showed that the weathering characterization was mainly reflected in the surface defects of wood structures, such as cracking, discoloration, peeling, wind erosion wear, and so on. The coating technology on the surface of constructions was the main artificial factor affecting the surface defects of constructions. In the case of similar surface decoration conditions, sunlight and moisture were the main natural factors affecting the weathering of wooden buildings, which will promote the process of weathering.