With the development of modern society, people put forward higher requirements for building safety, which makes the construction project face new challenges. Reinforced concrete frame structure as a common engineering type, although the construction technology has been relatively mature, but its earthquake collapse ability still needs to be strengthened. This paper analyzes the specific factors that affect the seismic collapse ability of reinforced concrete frame structure, summarizes the previous research results, and puts forward innovative application of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials, play the role of smart materials, improve the isolation and energy dissipation devices, etc., to promote the continuous optimization of reinforced concrete frame structure design, and show better seismic performance.