The application of ecological building materials in architectural design is in line with the concept of green development and can promote the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. Against this background, this article systematically explains the definition, characteristics, and classification of ecological building materials, and discusses the selection criteria and application scenarios of ecological building materials. On the basis of the previous analysis, the article proposes that the application of ecological building materials in architectural design needs to do a good job in the integration of materials, system expression, digital synergy, and total life cycle management. Thus, it expands the application scenarios of ecological building materials in architectural design and helps the industry to develop sustainably.