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Volume 10,Issue 4

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12 December 2025
Study on Asymmetric Deformation Patterns in Layered Soft Rock Tunnels
Ye Yuan ,  Meng Zhang ,  Xinrui Wang
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1 Xingxin Vocational and Technical College of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tiemenguan 841007, China,
2 Harbin Railway Vocational and Technical College, Harbin 150000, China,
JARD 2025 , 9(6), 72–81; https://doi.org/10.26689/jard.v9i6.13061
© 2025 by the Authors. Licensee Whioce Publishing, Singapore. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Layered rock mass is a typical complex rock mass. Owing to its layered structure, its deformation and strength properties exhibit distinct anisotropic characteristics. Taking a deep-excavated railway tunnel as the engineering context, this study investigates the asymmetric deformation laws of layered soft rock tunnels from two perspectives: laboratory tests and numerical simulations. Uniaxial saturated compression tests were conducted to analyze the anisotropic mechanical characteristics of rock bedding planes. This study established a model of layered rock mass tunnel excavation and support. From the perspectives of tunnel peripheral displacement, plastic zone, and maximum principal stress, it reveals the asymmetric deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock under different dip angles of bedding planes. These findings provide valuable insights for the construction of high-stress layered soft rock tunnels.

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