The segmented cultivation program that integrates higher vocational education with undergraduate education is an important institutional arrangement for improving the modern vocational education system and cultivating high-level technical and skilled talents. Its sustainable development relies on a scientific, systematic, and closed-loop quality assurance and evaluation feedback mechanism. This paper examines the entire integrated education process, first identifying the primary quality challenges in five dimensions: cultivating objectives, curriculum system, faculty development, evaluation standard, and school-enterprise collaboration. Subsequently, drawing upon stakeholder coordination theory and total quality management, it constructs a dual-drive model comprising a collaborative quality assurance system and an assessment feedback improvement system. Finally, it elaborates on operational mechanisms across five dimensions: standard setting, process management, multidimensional evaluation, data governance, and continuous improvement, and policy recommendations are proposed. The findings offer valuable reference for educational administrative authorities, institutions, and industry enterprises in refining the integrated education system.