Against the backdrop of artificial intelligence reshaping the educational ecology, primary school mathematics is transforming from knowledge transmission to competency cultivation, and interdisciplinary teaching guided by core competencies has become a core issue of educational reform. Taking “Tessellation” from the Beijing Normal University Edition textbook as the carrier, this paper builds a threefold AI empowerment path of “intelligent scenario creation–dynamic inquiry support–diversified evaluation optimization” based on traditional hands-on practice, so as to realize the coordinated development of mathematical core competencies and digital literacy. Classroom practice verification shows that this path enables students to master the principles of tessellation and carry out interdisciplinary innovative design, effectively breaking through the bottlenecks of limited spatial imagination and fragmented disciplinary integration in traditional teaching, and providing a replicable innovative paradigm for primary school mathematics interdisciplinary teaching.