With the deepening of medical system reform and the development of clinical medical education, job competence has become the core standard for evaluating the professional ability of clinicians. Neurology is a discipline with both theoretical depth and practical complexity and the clinical teaching faces the challenges of complex knowledge systems, diverse diseases, and high requirements for diagnosis and treatment skills. Based on the core connotation of job competence, combined with the current situation and existing problems of clinical teaching in neurology, reconstructing teaching objectives (“knowledge-skills-ability-literacy” integration), innovating teaching methods (“CBL + PBL + SP + scenario simulation + MDT” diversified teaching models), improving the evaluation system (integrated evaluation of “process + outcome”), teacher team construction (systematic training + incentive mechanism + team construction), integration of teaching resources (“online + offline” and “on-campus + off-campus” combination), and exploration of the construction of a job competency-oriented neurology clinical teaching innovation system. We aim to cultivate high-quality neurology professionals and provide theoretical references and practical paths.