The Chinese nation is composed of numerous distinct ethnic groups that coexist in mutual tolerance and close interdependence, collectively forming a diverse, profound, and extensive Chinese cultural system. Through the course of history, the cultures of these various ethnic groups have drawn inspiration from one another and blended together, giving rise to the unique and outstanding traditional culture of the Chinese nation. As an integral part of traditional Chinese culture, traditional ethnic sports play an extremely crucial role in the process of forging a strong sense of the Chinese national community. By analyzing four dimensions—material culture, institutional culture, behavioral culture, and spiritual culture—this paper profoundly elucidates the deep alignment and inseparable logical connection between traditional Chinese martial arts and the sense of the Chinese national community. Guided by the consciousness of the Chinese national community, traditional martial arts education also exerts a positive influence, primarily manifested in strengthening cultural identity, unifying the national spirit, and fostering emotional bonds. It is evident, therefore, that further advancing traditional martial arts education can help to continuously strengthen the consciousness of the Chinese national community.