With the widespread application of big data technology, university libraries have become crucial hubs for knowledge dissemination, academic exchange, and talent cultivation in higher education institutions. They are also undergoing profound transformations in library resource management and utilization. Traditional management models suffer from shortcomings such as inefficient resource allocation, lack of targeted services, and low operational efficiency, making them inadequate to meet the evolving needs of faculty and students in the modern era. This study examines challenges in library resource management and service delivery within university libraries under the big data context, analyzing their root causes through practical case analyses. By demonstrating concrete approaches—including management optimization, service diversification, technological integration, and talent development—we aim to propel university libraries toward refined management systems and precision-oriented services. These advancements will enhance their pivotal role in academic talent cultivation and scientific research, ultimately driving institutional progress.