Aiming at the problems of strong abstractness, high practical difficulty, and insufficient personalization in traditional blended teaching of the Principles of Operating Systems course, this paper deeply integrates artificial intelligence technology with blended teaching and constructs an AI-enabled blended teaching model for the operating systems course. Taking the AI support layer, teaching implementation layer, and evaluation feedback layer as the framework, this model designs an intelligent teaching process centered on pre-class, in-class, after-class, and practical teaching links, and establishes a diversified and integrated teaching evaluation system. A controlled teaching experiment was conducted in parallel classes of computer majors in a university, and the teaching effect was analyzed via score comparison, questionnaire surveys, and interviews. The results show that the model can effectively improve students’ learning interest and course performance, enhance their practical operation ability, and reduce teachers’ teaching burden, which can provide a reference for the teaching reform of core computer courses.