Special group students are a key concern in inclusive and equitable education. With the deepening of the home-school-society collaborative education mechanism, systematically examining the growth difficulties of special group students from a collaborative perspective and constructing support strategies has significant theoretical and practical relevance. Based on an overview of the current situation of special group students in China, this paper focuses on analyzing the difficulties they face—such as weakening family support and home-school disconnection, insufficient remedial education and school-society disconnection, fragmented social support and family-society absence, and obstacles in collaborative mechanisms—from the perspectives of family, school, and social interactions and the operation of the collaborative mechanism. This paper will explore approaches to multi-agent collaborative education, providing reference for addressing the growth difficulties of special group students.