Against the backdrop of global energy transition and rapid advances in new energy technologies, integrating cutting-edge scientific content into basic education has become a key direction of science education reform. As a core technology in energy storage and conversion, battery technology plays an important role in transportation, renewable energy utilization, and smart devices. However, current high school curricula mostly remain at the level of basic electrochemistry, leaving students with little systematic understanding of the development and real-world applications of modern batteries. Taking a battery science outreach lecture for high school students as a case study, this paper designs a STEM-based course model that integrates hands-on practice, theoretical instruction, and discussion of technological applications. The course engages students in a solar–nickel-metal hydride battery-powered fan activity, introduces battery history and principles of typical battery systems, and expands into battery testing techniques and energy application scenarios. Using classroom observation and teaching reflection, the study analyzes implementation and educational outcomes. Observations during the course suggest that the hands-on activities helped engage students and provided them with opportunities to connect basic battery concepts with real-world applications. This study offers a practical curriculum design for integrating cutting-edge science into secondary education.