In vocational education, teacher leadership is an important factor in promoting school development and improving teaching quality. Enhancing teacher leadership has practical significance for the connotative development of vocational colleges. It involves improving education and teaching quality, cultivating high-skilled talents, building excellent teaching teams, enhancing school governance systems, and other areas. The core elements include professional knowledge, teaching innovation, teamwork, and communication skills. The enhancement of teacher leadership can effectively enhance teachers’ enthusiasm to participate in educational and teaching reforms as well as promote the overall efficiency of vocational colleges. In order to enhance teacher leadership in vocational colleges, it is necessary to achieve a breakthrough in institutional barriers, combine personal and external factors, strengthen institutionalized teacher leadership construction through a top-down design, and strengthen evaluation and feedback mechanisms to establish a scientific leadership evaluation system and improve teacher leadership cognition.