The purpose of this study is to deeply explore the impact of physical education (PE) curriculum reform on students’ PE test results. By comparing the data of students’ PE tests before and after the reform, analyzing the results of the questionnaire survey, and interviewing teachers and students, this paper reveals the significant effect of curriculum reform in improving students’ PE test results. It is found that the curriculum reform effectively stimulates students’ interest and participation in sports through optimizing teaching content, innovating teaching methods, improving evaluation systems, and increasing extracurricular sports activities, thus improving students’ physical fitness and physical test scores. This study provides an empirical basis and suggestions for further promoting PE curriculum reform.