The high-quality development of grassroots teaching organizations in universities is crucial to improving the quality of higher education. From the perspective of dual-track drive, this paper deeply analyzes the synergetic evolution relationship between institutions and teachers in the development of grassroots teaching organizations in universities. At present, the development of grassroots teaching organizations in universities is faced with such dilemmas as lagging institutional supply, insufficient motivation for teachers’ development, and lack of synergy mechanisms. These interwoven problems have formed systemic obstacles restricting high-quality development, which urgently need in-depth analysis and resolution. Currently, only from the perspective of synergistic promotion of institutions and teachers and by constructing a systematic implementation framework can the existing problems be effectively solved. Through three dimensions—goal guidance, resource guarantee, and mechanism optimization—this paper refines nine specific measures, aiming to break the barriers between institutional development and teachers’ development, form a joint force, provide theoretical support and practical paths for improving the efficiency of grassroots teaching organizations, promote the overall improvement of education and teaching quality, enhance the quality of talent training in universities, and advance the in-depth development of education and teaching reform.