As the enlightenment stage of students’ Chinese learning, primary school Chinese education plays a key role in cultivating students’ language ability, thinking development, and humanistic literacy. Value-added evaluation, as an evaluation method that focuses on the changes in students’ individual development and attaches importance to the learning process, has gradually attracted attention in the application of primary school Chinese education. This paper first analyzes the problems existing in the current implementation of value-added evaluation in primary school Chinese, and then explores the countermeasures to improve the effectiveness of value-added evaluation in primary school Chinese from the aspects of evaluation concept, evaluation content, evaluation method, evaluation subject, and application of evaluation results. The purpose is to provide strong support for the improvement of primary school Chinese teaching quality and the all-round development of students.