In the context of national efforts to promote high-quality development of vocational education and deepen industry-education integration, private vocational undergraduate institutions serve as crucial platforms bridging the cultivation of high-level technical and skilled talents with regional industrial development. The alignment between their distinctive specialty clusters and regional industrial synergy directly impacts talent development quality and regional economic efficiency. This paper analyzes the inherent logic of coordinated development between specialty clusters and regional industries, leveraging the flexible operational mechanisms and direct industry connections of private vocational institutions. It identifies current challenges, including “inaccurate demand alignment, insufficient resource integration, and loose interest coordination,” and proposes four strategic dimensions: establishing collaborative research mechanisms, optimizing cluster layouts, deepening industry-education integration, and improving support systems. These recommendations provide actionable references for advancing high-quality coordinated development between private vocational institutions and regional industries.