Musical psychodrama is an innovative artistic way that combines music, drama, and psychology, and plays an outstanding role in students’ social and emotional learning. After analyzing its function, this paper makes students understand the outstanding significance of music and psychological drama in promoting their social emotional learning, and then makes clear their learning mechanism. In view of the relevant paths, from basics to advancing with the times, and then to extending innovation, a comprehensive learning method is formed to help students grow better and provide support for the development of students’ mental health and social emotional ability.