Under the guidance of the educational goal of “integrating moral education and technical training” in vocational education, systematically embedding the cultivation of professional ethics into the entire process of student management in higher vocational colleges is a core measure to solve the dilemma of “valuing technical skills imparting over literacy cultivation” in these institutions. Based on the law of typed development of vocational education and the practice of student management in higher vocational colleges, this paper constructs a three-dimensional path system of “system embedding–scenario construction–collaborative education” from a theoretical perspective, focusing on exploring the theoretical logic, operational framework, and professional adaptability of each path. The study holds that through the refinement of professional ethics in management regulations, the shaping of professional behaviors in immersive scenarios, and the resource support from the linkage of schools, enterprises, and society, the transformation of professional ethics from “concept advocacy” to “behavioral consciousness” can be realized. This research provides a theoretical reference for higher vocational colleges to optimize their student management models and strengthen the effectiveness of ideological and political education.