With the in-depth advancement of the national education digitalization strategy, traditional university student management models face severe challenges in data integration, precise evaluation, and personalized support. Based on the specific needs of modern industrial colleges, this paper designs and implements an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered student management platform named the “Digital Portrait File” system. Adopting core technologies such as multi-source data fusion, dynamic competency portrait modeling, and intelligent analysis, the platform constructs a comprehensive management system encompassing functions like basic student information management, competency portrait analysis, achievement system, and learning resource recommendation. Pilot applications show that the platform effectively addresses the data silo issue, realizes panoramic perception, intelligent analysis, and personalized support throughout students’ growth processes, and provides a replicable, practical path for the digital transformation of university student management.