This study constructs a theoretical model integrating traditional cultural ecological wisdom into STEAM education, exploring a new interpretation of the “unity of knowledge and action” concept in modern education. Research shows that incorporating traditional ecological wisdom, such as the harmony between humanity and nature and following the laws of nature, into STEAM education’s curriculum, teaching methods, and practical activities can significantly enhance students’ interdisciplinary knowledge, practical abilities, and environmental awareness. Through data simulation and empirical analysis, the model’s effectiveness is confirmed, demonstrating its significant advantages in improving students’ overall quality and cultivating talents with global perspectives and local sentiments. Innovatively, this study bridges traditional cultural ecological wisdom and STEAM education with “unity of knowledge and action,” offering new insights for educational reform.